The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (Cheat-Sheet)

This is a snippet from the Kali Linux Revealed E-Book but good for beginners in Linux to learn the File System Hierarchy

• /bin/: basic programs

• /boot/: Linux kernel and other files required for its early boot process

• /dev/: device files

• /etc/: configuration files

• /home/: user’s personal files

• /lib/: basic libraries

• /media/: mount points for removable devices (CD/DVD-ROM, USB keys, and so on)

• /mnt/: temporary mount point

• /opt/: extra applications provided by third parties

• /root/: administrator’s (root’s) personal files

• /run/: volatile runtime data that does not persist across reboots (not yet included in the FHS)

• /sbin/: system programs

• /srv/: data used by servers hosted on this system

• /tmp/: temporary files (this directory is often emptied at boot)

• /usr/: applications (this directory is further subdivided into bin,sbin,lib according to the same logic as in the root directory) Furthermore,/usr/share/ contains architecture-independent data. The /usr/local/ directory is meant to be used by the administrator for installing applications manually without overwriting files handled by the packaging system(dpkg).

• /var/: variable data handled by services. This includes log files, queues, spools, and caches.

• /proc/ and /sys/ are specific to the Linux kernel (and not part of the FHS). They are used by the kernel for exporting data to user space.

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